![]() Spain, the Czech Republic, and the UK, there are different standards and attitudes towards dogs in each country. ![]() Breeding systems, evaluation of aptitudes, socialisation, training methods, and retired dogs’ lives are the major welfare concerns related to working dogs. With pet dogs the use of drugs or shock therapy, neutering, caging, debarking and euthanasia for behaviour problems are all controversial not only among the general public but also among specialists in behavioural therapy. As a guide, the Five Freedoms should be considered for dogs as with other species of animals. The aims of this paper are first to review scientific and ethical considerations regarding the welfare of dogs in the US, UK, Czech Republic, Spain and Japan, as well as to examine research perspectives of people working within the field of applied ethology.
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